What You Need to Know About Bird Flu (H5N1)  

Widespread in wild birds worldwide, bird flu—also known as H5N1—is currently causing outbreaks in poultry and U.S. dairy cows. The virus is a type of influenza A that does not typically infect humans. However, rare cases of human infection have been reported following direct or close contact with infected poultry or their living environment. 

The general public remains at low risk of being infected with bird flu. People who have job-related or recreational exposure to infected birds or cows, including farm workers, are at greater risk. While the public health risk is low, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is watching the situation carefully and working with states to monitor people with animal exposures. 

Monitoring Flu Activity in the Population 

The CDC is using its flu surveillance systems to monitor any bird flu activity in people. Its surveillance systems show no unusual influenza activity in the population, including bird influenza A.  

According to the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources, dairy herds in the state have been tested since August 2024 and have received 100 percent negative results to date.  

Pasteurization is a defense against bird flu and other pathogens. Consuming raw or unpasteurized milk is currently not recommended. 

Avoid all unprotected contact with sick or dead animals. If you have been in close contact with a sick animal—especially wild birds or cattle, contact your primary care provider. 

For more on how Massachusetts is monitoring bird flu, visit Mass.gov.  

For more information from the CDC, visit CDC.gov.